Plasmonpolaritons on graphenemetal surface and their use in biosensors omer salihoglu,1 sinan balci,2 and coskun kocabas1,a 1department of physics, bilkent university, 06800 ankara, turkey 2department of mechanical engineering, university of turkish aeronautical association, 06790 ankara, turkey. When the plasmons were resonant at the graphenemetal surface, a strong electric field would be induced which could enhance the. Plasmon mapping on graphene with neasnom neaspec gmbh. Graphene plasmons are rapidly emerging as a viable tool for fast. For plasmonics systems, we use the propagation length to surface plasmon wavelength ratio as the measure of loss performance, and we evaluate graphene as a platform for surface plasmons.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A graphenebased surface plasmon sensor springerlink. Strong coupling between a plasmonic waveguide and graphene surface plasmons article pdf available in journal of the optical society of america b 344. We apply a fully relativistic formulation to calculate the average number of plasmons excited by an energetic electron traversing two parallel graphene layers separated by a given distance d. We use a drude model in the nondissipative limit to describe the conductivity of each layer in the thz frequency range, and address the general case in which the layers have different doping densities of. Moreover, the propagation direction of gps can be switched not only by changing the phase difference. When the plasmons were resonant at the graphene metal surface, a strong electric field would be induced which could enhance the generation of electronhole pairs in the graphene layer. Compared to noble metal plasmons, graphene plasmon has tunability.
Jul 15, 2018 we apply a fully relativistic formulation to calculate the average number of plasmons excited by an energetic electron traversing two parallel graphene layers separated by a given distance d. Optical transport properties of graphene surface plasmon. Doped graphene uh department of electrical and computer. In this paper we show that the dispersion of spoof plasmons in the thz can be controlled placing a doped graphene sheet on the proximity of a metallic. Pdf plasmons in doped graphene provide an ideal platform for strong light. Ultrasmall plasmonic single nanoparticle light source. With this theoretical foundation of grapheneplasmon polaritons, we then discuss recent exciting progress, paying specific attention to the following topics. Ultrasmall plasmonic single nanoparticle light source driven. Sep 28, 2016 researchers from the icfo, in collaboration with cic nanogune, columbia university and the national institute for materials science in japan, have been able to fabricate an all graphene midinfrared plasmon detector operating at room temperature, where a single graphene sheet serves simultaneously as the plasmonic generation medium and detector. Here, we propose a graphene plasmonic gp lens to efficiently manipulate energy flow by elaborately designing the thickness of the dielectric spacer beneath the graphene sheet. Since joining the university of houston, while working on graphene 25, 28, 29, the pi has developed. Osa hybrid metalgraphene plasmonic sensor for multi. This paper proposes a hybrid metal graphene plasmonic sensor which can simultaneously perform multispectral sensing in near and midir ranges.
It was found that the electronic transport of chemical vapor deposition cvdsynthesized graphene is sensitive to surface plasmons generated by the illumination of metal nanoparticles. Graphene is a great material for doing subwavelength optics. Plasmons and the spectral function of graphene marco polini,1, reza asgari,2 giovanni borghi,1 ya. In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. By combining graphene and metal nanoparticles, the sers. We predict the existence of transverse electric te plasmons in bilayer graphene. With unique possibilities for controlling light in nanoscale devices, graphene plasmonics has opened new perspectives to the nanophotonics community with potential applications in metamaterials, modulators, photodetectors, and sensors. The proposed sensor consists of an array of asymmetric gold nanoantennas integrated with an unpatterned graphene sheet. The gold antennas support sharp fanoresonances for nearir sensing while the excitation of graphene plasmonic resonances extend. Graphene plasmons have been found to be an exciting plasmonic platform, thanks to their high field confinement and low phase velocity.
Jun 20, 2012 plasmons are directly launched in graphene, and their key parameters propagation and attenuation are studied with nearfield infrared nanoimaging. Many of these techniques have been applied to metal plas. Damping pathways of midinfrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures hugen yan1,tonylow1, wenjuan zhu1,yanqingwu1,marcusfreitag1,xuesongli1, francisco guinea2, phaedon avouris1 and fengnian xia1 plasmon is the quantum of the collective oscillation of electrons. Graphene grown on copper foil was removed by etching the copper in 0. Effect of moire superlattice reconstruction in the. Many researchers hope to merge plasmonics and graphene photonics to combine their useful features.
Plasmonpolaritons on graphene metal surface and their use in biosensors omer salihoglu,1 sinan balci,2 and coskun kocabas1,a 1department of physics, bilkent university, 06800 ankara, turkey 2department of mechanical engineering, university of turkish aeronautical association, 06790 ankara, turkey. Graphene based metacoupler for directioncontrollable emission of surface plasmons hua zhu,1 ming deng,1 shuqi chen,2 and lin chen1, 1wuhan national laboratory for optoelectronics, huazhong university of science and technology, wuhan 430074, china 2laboratory of weak light nonlinear photonics ministry of education school of physics, teda applied physics institute. The highly unidirectional excitation of graphene plasmons gps through nearfield interference of orthogonally polarized dipoles is investigated. Efficient plasmonic emission by the quantum cerenkov effect from. Not only does graphene pos sess intrinsic plasmons that are tunable and adjustable, but a combination of graphene with noblemetal nanostructures prom ises a variety of exciting applications for conventional plasmonics. Home research graphene infrared nanoimaging of graphene plasmons 2012 we performed infrared nanoimaging experiments of graphene on sio 2. The reduction of surface plasmon losses in quasisuspended graphene alexanderm. Lyngby, denmark 2center for nanostructured graphene, technical university of denmark, dk2800 kgs. Many of these techniques have been applied to metal plasmonics before and have been adapted here to tackle plasmonic e. Using the plasmon linewidth to article calculate the time and. For that reason, they are promising candidates for controlling light in nanoscale devices.
Researchers use graphene simultaneously as both a plasmonic. Plasmons play a large role in the optical properties of metals and. Figure 3c shows the nearfield distribution of lspr modes in graphene nanoribbons and gold dipole arrays calculated with a finiteelement method. The preferred excitation direction of gps by a circularly polarized dipole can be simply understood with the angular momentum conservation law. Graphenebased metacoupler for directioncontrollable. Surface plasmons in active systems and 2d materials marios mattheakis september 17, 2015. Graphene plasmons in nanostructured environments tobias wenger applied quantum physics laboratory department of microtechnology and nanoscience chalmers university of technology abstract this thesis explores the combination of electromagnetism with electrons in graphene. Plasmonpolaritons on graphenemetal surface and their use. Infrared nanoimaging of graphene plasmons 2012 ucsd. Production of plasmons in two layers of graphene with. In addition to phonons, photons, and electrons from light, substrates, chemical doping or electrical gating, other factors such as magnetic field may also affect graphene plasmons through the manybody interactions. Another direction is to combine graphene heterostructures. We begin with a general description of the optical properties of graphene.
Graphene is a novel plasmonic medium whose electronic and optical properties can be conveniently controlled by electrostatic gates. Before etching, graphene was covered by 400 nm of pmma with a tape window cut out and placed on the pmma so that the membrane can be mechanically moved after etching. Osa transverse electric plasmons in bilayer graphene. Plasmons are directly launched in graphene, and their key parameters propagation and attenuation are studied with nearfield infrared nanoimaging. Graphene plasmonic lens for manipulating energy flow. Metal nanoparticles that can couple light into tightly confined surface plasmons bridge the size mismatch between the wavelength of light and nanostructures are one of the smallest building blocks of nanooptics. The dispersion relation for coupled metal graphene plasmons is presented here for a proposed multilayer structure. Two rich and vibrant fields of investigationgraphene physics and plasmonicsstrongly overlap. We observed for the first time graphene plasmon fringe pattern close to the edge of graphene, defects inside graphene, even the boudary between graphene and bilayer graphene fig. The reduction of surface plasmon losses in quasisuspended. Graphene plasmon reflection by corrugations acs photonics.
Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guidedmode. We present the application of graphene as a plasmon sensor. The interest in graphene plasmonic devices is driven by the different. Allplasmonic switching effect in the graphene nanostructures. Graphenegold metasurface architectures that can provide significant gains in plasmonic detection sensitivity for trace. Damping pathways of midinfrared plasmons in graphene. Graphene plasmons in nanostructured environments tobias wenger. We find that their plasmonic properties are much more pronounced in bilayer than in monolayer graphene, in a sense that they can get more localized at frequencies just below h 0. Jun 20, 2012 this is the first time anyone has observed plasmons on graphene, sheets of carbon just one atom thick with a host of intriguing physical properties, and an important step toward using plasmons to. Macdonald 1nestcnrinfm and scuola normale superiore, i56126 pisa, italy. Analysis of plasmons sustained on the surface of graphene.
The remarkable effect is revealed in the composited structures of graphene and metal nanoparticles, where the lsprs of metal nanoparticles can be tuned dramatically by graphene. Plasmonpolaritons on graphenemetal surface and their use in. Graphene plasmonics is an emergent research field, that is attracting plenty of interest and has already resulted in a textbook. Gatetuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano. Gain compensation of surface plasmons in traditional metallic structures has been investigated 11. Metal spps have been widely used in optics, data storage, and photoelectron detection 9,10. Controlling spoof plasmons in a metal grating using graphene. From fundamental properties to potential applications sanshui xiao 1,2. A comparison of graphene and noble metals as conductors for plasmonic onedimensional waveguides. However, despite the ubiquitous presence of surface corrugations in graphene, very little is known on how they affect the propagation of gps.
Effective fermi level modulation of coupled graphene. Asgermortensen1,2 1department of photonics engineering, technical university of denmark, dk2800 kgs. This is a consequence of the perfectly nested bands in bilayer graphene which are separated by. Physics and potential applications shenyang huang1,2, chaoyu song1,2, guowei zhang1,2, and hugen yan1,2 1department of physics, state key laboratory of surface physics and key laboratory of micro and nano photonic structures ministry of education, fudan university, shanghai 200433, china. The equivalent of the plasma frequency is an energy scale imposed by the geometry of the metal grating upon which they propagate. Owing to the slow group velocity and strong confinement of graphene plasmons, graphene oscillator.
Anyway, plasmonphonon coupling should be responsible to the observed quasilinear dispersion of graphene plasmons. However, plasmonic nanoparticles have been primarily studied to concentrate or scatter incident light as an ultrasmall antenna, while studies of their intrinsic plasmonic light. Furthermore, incorporating graphenemetal hybrid antennas. This is the first time anyone has observed plasmons on graphene, sheets of carbon just one atom thick with a host of intriguing physical properties, and. We use a drude model in the nondissipative limit to describe the conductivity of each layer in the thz frequency range, and address the general case in. By combining cyclotron resonance and plasmon resonance, yan et al. This element is unique in that its unique electronic structure allows for hybridization to build up sp3,sp2, and sp networks and, hence, to form more known stable allotropes than any.
Graphene and couple metal graphene modes supported by this structure are shown below, these modes can depend very strongly on fermi energy level values in the graphene layer at the subthz. Merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions pdf. Midinfrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene science. Two independent research teams have successfully used their neasnom infrared nearfield microscopes for laying down a ghost. Controlling spoof plasmons in a metal grating using. Osa directional generation of graphene plasmons by near. Why is there so much interest in graphene plasmonics. Cvd graphene transfer on silver was performed as follows. In this paper, we present an experimental proof of the formation of plasmon bands in multilayer graphene. Analysis of plasmons sustained on the surface of graphene by keenan lyon a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in ful llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of master of mathematics in applied mathematics waterloo, ontario, canada, 2014 c keenan lyon 2014. It is a great material for designing of integrated nano circuits. Potential applications of graphene plasmonics mainly addressed the. For similar irfrequency plasmons, the graphene atomic thickness leads to a higher confinement, resulting in a much larger spatial overlap between the midir plasmonic field and the analyte.
The observed change in electronic conduction can be up to seven times larger than the intrinsic photoresponse of graphene. Graphene plasmons gps exhibit extreme confinement of the associated electromagnetic fields. Graphenegold metasurface architectures for ultrasensitive. Graphene is a one atom thick layer of carbon atoms which. Schematics of the sic grating and graphene plasmonic device. Pdf strong coupling between a plasmonic waveguide and. A comparison of graphene, superconductors and metals as.
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